Governing with Artificial Intelligence Strategic framework analyzing 200 AI use cases across 11 core government functions worldwide, exploring opportunities, risks, and implementation strategies for trustworthy AI adoption in the public sector. Submitter's Note: Claude.ai extracted this StratML rendition from the PDF of the OECD report 'Governing with Artificial Intelligence: The State of Play and Way Forward in Core Government Functions' (2025). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD a880cf23-94b9-482d-b39d-d8073a35fd74 International organization working to build better policies for better lives, promoting prosperity, equality, opportunity and well-being for all. OECD Public Governance Directorate This report was prepared by the OECD Public Governance Directorate (GOV), under the leadership of Elsa Pilichowski, Director, and Gillian Dorner, Deputy Director. It was developed as a joint effort across GOV, coordinated by the Innovative, Digital and Open Government Division (INDIGO) under the direction of Carlos Santiso, Head of Division, and supervision of Marco Daglio, acting Head of the Digital Government Unit (DGU). Jamie Berryhill, Barbara Ubaldi and Ricardo Zapata managed the project. Simone Maria Parazzoli and Paula Ayala, consultants, provided analytical and drafting support throughout the report. ^^ Chapters 1-3 were drafted by Jamie Berryhill and Ricardo Zapata. Chapter 4 was drafted by Jamie Berryhill, Emma Cantera, Cecilia Emilsson, Felipe González, Julian Olsen, Seong Ju Park, María PascualDapena, Arturo Rivera, Alex Seeman, Barbara Ubaldi and Ricardo Zapata (INDIGO); Daniel Gerson of the Public Management and Budgeting Division (PMB); Erika Bozzay, Simon Cox and András Hlács of the Infrastructure and Public Procurement Division (IPP); and Paula Ayala and Hana Murr, consultants. ^^ This work was approved and declassified by the Public Governance Committee on 05/09/2025. Enable governments worldwide to harness artificial intelligence in a trustworthy, strategic, and effective manner that serves citizens, strengthens democracy, and enhances public sector capacity. 0b22d9f1-d9dd-4566-869d-4718f8202fec Support governments in their AI journey by facilitating the sharing of experiences and insights, providing evidence-based analysis of AI use cases, and identifying enablers, guardrails, and engagement mechanisms needed for responsible AI adoption. 39bdd875-6832-4934-b909-653b3191a9df Trustworthiness Ensure AI systems in government are transparent, accountable, fair, secure, and respect human rights and democratic values. Evidence-Based Policy Ground recommendations in rigorous analysis of real-world use cases, research, and lessons learned from government AI implementations. Inclusiveness Promote AI approaches that serve all citizens equitably, bridge digital divides, and enhance access to public services. Innovation Encourage governments to experiment with AI while managing risks and learning from both successes and failures. Collaboration Foster international cooperation and knowledge sharing to accelerate responsible AI adoption across the public sector. Tax Administration Using AI to enhance tax collection, compliance, fraud detection, and taxpayer services through automation, risk assessment, and personalized assistance. 151f60b3-5df9-4081-ab38-b2b4aaf4da74 1 Category: Government policy functions Fraud Detection Detect tax evasion and fraudulent claims through pattern recognition afd3e6cb-4b48-4f92-a831-134937361e2c 1.1 Compliance Improvement Identify non-compliance and improve taxpayer compliance 92ca5bd7-6f3e-4f5c-8894-2c10b62c186a 1.2 Risk Assessment Score and prioritize compliance risks using predictive analytics c91aa3bb-7f3b-425f-8e9e-cee3cb54773e 1.3 Taxpayer Services Provide virtual assistants and chatbots for taxpayer support 39b115e8-19f7-45c5-bbf2-69bbeda0bb92 1.4 Return Pre-filling Automate pre-population of tax returns with verified data c9243a5a-237c-403c-b25e-fc28e6220d0f 1.5 Error Prevention Detect anomalies and prompt taxpayers to correct errors 0ea088ba-377e-4249-a56a-3e2cc389e394 1.6 Administrative Automation Automate case categorization and distribution 349b05a1-815c-4da9-9a7b-76cb5e15c1e3 1.7 Asset Detection Identify undeclared property and taxable assets using imagery analysis 56f9e5af-2f6c-4d6e-bce3-8e3337112731 1.8 Real-time Analytics Provide real-time prompts and guidance during filing 7cd62689-5cb9-48c7-b60a-1e961d75438a 1.9 Public Financial Management Applying AI to improve budgeting, financial planning, expenditure tracking, risk assessment, and financial reporting processes. 8b8bd37f-445a-4407-ab20-23125aa8ad90 2 Category: Government policy functions Macroeconomic Forecasting Improve accuracy and timeliness of fiscal and economic forecasts b6d35f2d-0e7c-4476-a14a-1acc23bda21b 2.1 Nowcasting Provide near real-time predictions of economic indicators d063e03b-b776-472d-abd1-89e63b7f49b3 2.2 Spending Analysis Analyze expenditure patterns and identify over/underspending 76a4e3f5-af74-4fb2-896e-771812c3f9e6 2.3 Budget Planning Support formulation of expenditure baselines and policy costing ff5709e7-1084-4dfb-ab50-2a3d9bc79bd6 2.4 Fiscal Risk Monitoring Identify and monitor fiscal risks across government entities 169186a3-e3de-4e37-bce8-d0461ef6e803 2.5 Budget Monitoring Provide real-time analytics on budget execution and performance 4c34c3b8-4c25-4b80-9480-a10de8684872 2.6 Process Automation Automate repetitive financial management and reporting tasks 2863299c-108e-46fd-b881-7e1597203828 2.7 Expenditure Classification Classify government spending according to international standards 8f084113-775c-407e-95cb-2f103ac6605c 2.8 Financial Transparency Enhance fiscal transparency and reporting 640e49d8-6c89-46d3-9f91-6f217732325a 2.9 Decision Support Analyze data to support spending and investment decisions 0d874259-71c0-4ed9-b05f-5fdea17790c8 2.10 Regulatory Design & Delivery Leveraging AI to streamline regulatory development, compliance monitoring, impact assessment, and regulatory simplification. 68c011b3-5b97-43da-b935-ecf54fcb39ca 3 Category: Government policy functions Compliance Cost Estimation Estimate regulatory compliance costs using AI analysis 992914ea-ad94-4bd2-8e13-58b653c0cdf6 3.1 Regulatory Simplification Identify opportunities to streamline regulations 95595a37-71c6-46f9-be78-715b1b9e6328 3.2 Compliance Monitoring Monitor regulatory compliance and detect violations 0e3c4df7-7b2d-418e-9db2-2032c9de6a4d 3.3 Impact Assessment Assess regulatory impacts on businesses and citizens 46dd99bb-8391-4f36-8509-6a99f3f67814 3.4 Rules as Code Convert regulations into machine-readable formats 2c71070c-16eb-4f36-a4b3-9f8beeb0579c 3.5 Stakeholder Engagement Enhance engagement with regulated entities 3a38a2c7-38d7-4f97-9292-40f37138dda6 3.6 Civil Service Reform Utilizing AI to enhance recruitment, training, workforce planning, performance evaluation, and knowledge management within the public sector. 06ee4786-e429-4150-a2cb-fb32bf7a5222 4 Category: Key government processes Recruitment Automation Automate candidate screening and response analysis ccd3ba5b-d63e-4630-b8c5-897aeb5d47b3 4.1 Skills Matching Match candidates to positions using AI-assisted assessment 6d360446-a83f-4d74-a4f3-c653ee1b55e6 4.2 Training Personalization Personalize learning and development programs 1bf19936-fb5d-44bd-b8e2-397b4d362716 4.3 Knowledge Management Improve resource discovery and knowledge sharing cc37ada0-9c90-4b62-8c0c-7bb7dfb55255 4.4 Workforce Forecasting Predict employment outcomes and workforce needs 7960905e-80b8-4ba0-be2f-5ef71fc45290 4.5 Course Development Accelerate creation of training materials 823a142e-c6f9-4150-bf60-a69f772b1468 4.6 Talent Analytics Analyze workforce data to optimize allocation 62f5dee0-a36e-4cb8-ad35-adb934b2f219 4.7 Public Procurement Employing AI to optimize procurement processes, vendor selection, contract management, spend analysis, and fraud detection. 3030815c-44ec-437f-91e3-6237bf9794af 5 Category: Key government processes Vendor Selection Optimize vendor selection and contract awards 221d0778-c140-4427-b00b-1ea5250d0807 5.1 Fraud Detection Detect procurement fraud and anomalous spending 3e689936-3e41-4b35-8f46-6797a1b269eb 5.2 Process Efficiency Streamline procurement workflows and reduce cycle times abb3f1b1-da07-4cf8-97a3-ad9d00709266 5.3 Spend Analytics Analyze procurement data for savings opportunities 54957187-32ad-4d5b-a511-5d57a036f8de 5.4 Supplier Negotiations Automate aspects of supplier negotiations bd6aa538-069e-46e5-aa44-caa28f1cf6d9 5.5 Contract Management Support contract administration and compliance f8f73d9c-66ab-4b75-b3af-90914a2d99c9 5.6 Market Intelligence Provide insights on procurement markets and trends 022e3343-360b-4b70-a605-d7b25ec1d2e0 5.7 Fighting Corruption & Promoting Public Integrity Using AI to detect anomalies, identify corruption patterns, monitor conflicts of interest, and promote transparency and accountability. 60b4229d-f820-47fb-b68e-dbf9b682e67c 6 Category: Key government processes Corruption Detection Identify corruption patterns in transactions and behaviors 10871ba0-6778-4aa8-952a-91ced24401b3 6.1 Conflict of Interest Monitoring Flag potential conflicts of interest 4ed93c42-b40b-4530-b86c-e7384297b4fe 6.2 Transparency Enhancement Improve transparency in government operations c4321bb9-ba59-4145-8860-066e49b26448 6.3 Whistleblower Support Facilitate secure reporting and analysis ded8be89-88fa-417d-b219-ce65d00fa78e 6.4 Anomaly Detection Detect unusual patterns in financial transactions 50c6d7fb-daf0-4150-b83c-c71fbd3f16a8 6.5 Asset Disclosure Analysis Analyze public official asset disclosures b203b262-5d58-4cbc-9136-8ed535abcf5e 6.6 Policy Evaluation Applying AI to analyze policy outcomes, assess program effectiveness, and provide evidence-based insights for policy improvement. 963fd0be-da58-44ba-8a20-a024ac3a7a3b 7 Category: Key government processes Impact Analysis Assess policy outcomes and societal impacts 19970d29-aa2f-441d-bf54-44a99f4f5316 7.1 Evidence Synthesis Synthesize research evidence for policy decisions 5bad1a30-b3f5-455a-a20e-abbf317de244 7.2 Performance Monitoring Monitor program performance and outcomes 30d43a4b-93f1-418e-9d28-a4a5ec19ad77 7.3 Counterfactual Analysis Simulate alternative policy scenarios 45f46999-db92-46a5-929f-e168873e9c2c 7.4 Data Integration Integrate diverse data sources for evaluation a00cb6c1-293c-4a2d-82ca-f26f596f84f1 7.5 Causal Inference Determine causal relationships in policy effects 5042abb4-7a1b-4004-99f2-b0042e8beba1 7.6 Civic Participation & Open Government Leveraging AI to enhance citizen engagement, analyze public input, facilitate deliberation, and improve government transparency and responsiveness. 8368233e-0ad8-457b-834f-812691b40dfc 8 Category: Key government processes Opinion Analysis Analyze and cluster citizen opinions using NLP 6e751a29-3578-4533-b546-77e197544cd9 8.1 Consensus Identification Identify areas of agreement in public consultation f07f635a-6a7f-4e4f-9f68-97eed92335d5 8.2 Deliberation Support Facilitate structured public deliberation 003d807f-0308-4d3b-a097-21f4c7d8606d 8.3 Sentiment Analysis Analyze public sentiment on policy issues 41d7c73e-83c5-4e5a-95a8-61a7a8b1c692 8.4 Engagement Tools Provide AI-powered platforms for participation 6db3a1f2-b2fd-4893-bbcc-c6625b3455c9 8.5 Information Access Improve citizen access to government information f916b46c-c4b1-4706-8ac5-eddbaddda175 8.6 Parliamentary Search Enable analysis of legislative documents and proceedings 3952689e-0db5-43bb-9aaa-f1bf2f3bd016 8.7 Consultation Summarization Summarize public consultation inputs 83b60bd8-655f-4235-8911-87f939d11b75 8.8 Public Service Design & Delivery Using AI to personalize services, automate transactions, predict service needs, improve accessibility, and enhance user experience. 95e21d0e-770c-4c25-952b-c2468f458f50 9 Category: Government services and justice functions Service Personalization Tailor services to individual needs and preferences 286a6f83-7cef-4ae5-a830-415ea3ef713c 9.1 Transaction Automation Automate routine service transactions e359fe7f-a9b3-4fe8-8c7c-f672d2941ccb 9.2 Needs Prediction Predict citizen service needs for proactive delivery a0a93069-7d39-4c27-af85-86538f2b1147 9.3 Chatbot Services Provide AI-powered chatbots for service inquiries 91d606fa-c3a0-44dc-8fe3-784e2969c60c 9.4 No-show Prediction Predict appointment no-shows to optimize resources 595753fc-58ff-4e51-a0bc-698c3860f20f 9.5 Accessibility Enhancement Improve service accessibility for diverse populations d73f94d8-f781-481a-8dcb-6b5792642740 9.6 Proactive Services Push services to citizens based on life events 1b8f177d-e824-4853-a60b-3fbe068bf899 9.7 Form Completion Assist citizens in completing complex forms 206d1bfd-36bb-4b19-80e7-dd1eb13fca40 9.8 Benefit Streamlining Automate and expedite benefit determinations ae6e512e-cfbf-4a18-b5dd-27b2bf26d7a0 9.9 Law Enforcement & Disaster Risk Management Applying AI for crime prediction, emergency response optimization, disaster forecasting, resource allocation, and public safety enhancement. 0513effb-612b-41b2-9153-7dc6597fb3e3 10 Category: Government services and justice functions Crime Prediction Predict crime patterns and hotspots 0c79094c-f480-43c6-a68c-fbfeca3d6679 10.1 Disaster Forecasting Forecast natural disasters and extreme weather 41edf621-a488-47e3-9047-76a8e0bc2ba9 10.2 Emergency Response Optimization Optimize emergency response and resource deployment 9b5f5980-7483-4426-9ed4-c1802bca64b8 10.3 Wildfire Prediction Predict wildfire likelihood and spread 277fd1c2-cbd6-476e-911e-52930451f6bc 10.4 Road Safety Predict hazardous conditions for maintenance prioritization a517f98a-763b-4ec7-8675-bd85009eb27f 10.5 Resource Pre-positioning Pre-position emergency resources based on predictions 68e470a4-07c6-4604-ba76-8f30c037e391 10.6 Incident Detection Detect incidents through video and sensor analysis 23b90856-84bf-49f3-bed8-8c091758fb1f 10.7 Public Safety Analytics Analyze data to enhance overall public safety 7ca56741-9efb-469c-844a-c616bf9df741 10.8 Justice Administration & Access to Justice Employing AI to streamline case management, legal research, document analysis, and improve access to justice services. 46fe84ea-08ca-4ad7-a7e6-0224158f7423 11 Category: Government services and justice functions Case Management Streamline case processing and reduce backlogs 3cc6d84e-e0fe-4bfb-bb16-7e9ebad7922e 11.1 Case Grouping Group similar cases for efficient processing bb28cf6e-3f0e-45c3-9875-7bb096d67a2c 11.2 Legal Document Automation Automate drafting of judicial documents and decisions a24e5561-9f4c-4fab-9217-383342884964 11.3 Legal Research Accelerate legal research and precedent identification c66853d7-2d23-4bac-868c-611f3a91c908 11.4 Document Analysis Analyze legal documents using NLP 200d3ab8-dcd9-4697-8164-3ca0daf85585 11.5 Access Enhancement Improve access to justice for underserved populations 9569fa7c-3d44-42af-8862-1fa38c281616 11.6 Decision Support Support judicial decision-making with relevant analysis ebcb723f-a353-4bcc-985f-4f34686e28ef 11.7 Protective Measures Identify need for protective measures in cases ae6edcd1-feda-426f-be71-552cc27fce95 11.8 Translation Services Provide real-time translation in legal proceedings d6ffb0c1-3851-4ed7-b3f9-e8fe5ee2782e 11.9 2025-05-09 2026-01-20 https://doi.org/10.1787/795de142-en Owen Ambur owen.ambur@verizon.net